Advanced Materials Technologies

Curvature provides essential mechanical cues for epithelial cells, playing a key role in cell differentiation and morphology. Repeatable manufacture of precisely controlled curvature in soft hydrogel materials is therefore essential to study epithelial mechanobiology and function. Multiphoton (MP) based biofabrication holds promise due to its high resolution and three-dimensional design flexibility. Here, we leverage MPs advantages while increasing print speed to develop two complementary tools based on replica molding and multiphoton ablation. These can provide scalable hydrogel curvatures with tunable surface properties relevant for epithelial tissue engineering. In replica molding, MP prints are transferred into PDMS used to pattern centimeter scale arrays in hydrogels. In multiphoton ablation, hydrogels are locally degraded to generate precisely controlled curvatures and surface topography. With both methods, we repeatably guide epithelial cells into alveolar and duct-like shapes. Concave alveolar-like surfaces are shown to enhance the formation of thicker epithelial layers. We observe that surface properties, controlled by both tools, could enhance cytoskeletal organization. Using these biofabrication techniques, individual effects of curvature, surface properties, hydrogel composition, and bulk stiffness on epithelial cells can be studied. Both approaches offer high curvature control and throughput, providing a viable alternative to traditional 3D culture and other printing methods.

Pluripotent stem cells represent a potentially unlimited cell source for the fabrication of human bioartificial tissues to study and treat degenerative conditions such as type 1 diabetes. Alginate is widely used for mammalian cell immobilization and the primary hydrogel studied for pancreatic islet encapsulation. Rheological properties of alginate solutions or fully gelled forms are unsuitable as support matrix for embedded 3D printing. We describe partially gelled self-healing alginate formulations tuned for embedded 3D printing. Perfusable multi-plane hierarchical networks branching into 10 parallel channels, obtained by 3D printing of Pluronic F127 into the alginate support, show high fidelity to computer-assisted models. Therapeutic {beta}-cell doses (40x106 cells/mL) within centimeter-thick perfusable constructs remained viable for at least 1 week of culture under flow, with rapid insulin secretion detected upon glucose challenges. Stem cell-derived islet clusters cultured in 5-channel contructs for 25 days differentiated towards functional insulin-expressing cells. We describe a novel approach to generate cm-scale perfusable endocrine pancreatic constructs using sacrificial embedded 3D printing into alginate. This approach offers an adaptable platform to engineer perfusable cm-scale functional endocrine pancreatic tissues and potentially other vascularized bioartificial tissues.

Miniaturized neural interfaces for research, diagnostics, and neuromodulation therapies require electrode materials that maintain low impedance and high charge injection capacity as device dimensions shrink to ensure high-quality recordings and safe stimulation. Conventional interfaces rely on metals like platinum (Pt), which are limited by intrinsically high impedance and low charge transfer capacity, reducing their performance in sub-100 {micro}m applications. Ti3C2Tx MXene has emerged as a promising alternative for high-density recording and stimulation interfaces, though the fundamental charge transfer mechanisms governing its performance remain poorly understood. This study evaluates Ti3C2Tx MXene microelectrodes across a range of diameters (25 - 500 {micro}m) and systematically elucidates the mechanisms governing their recording and stimulation capabilities. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and voltage transient measurements - supported by equivalent-circuit modeling - revealed enhanced recording and stimulation capabilities of the MXene microelectrodes over size-matched Pt microelectrodes, attributed to reduced charge-transfer resistance and increased double-layer capacitance. Finally, varying the volume and concentration of the spray-coated Ti3C2Tx films showed that increased MXene concentration and volume enhanced performance by creating thicker, rougher interfaces. Together, these results establish Ti3C2Tx MXene as a promising electrode material with exceptional performance at the microscale.

In vitro models are increasingly critical for interrogating cancer biology and therapeutic response, however, accurately recapitulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a persistent challenge, particularly in head and neck cancers (HNC) characterized by complex cell-matrix interactions and heterogeneity. Current models often lack independent tunability of biochemical and biophysical cues, limiting systematic investigation of microenvironmental cues in a high-throughput format. Here, we establish a 3D droplet-based bioprinting platform for the fabrication of customizable in vitro TME models using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. Human HNC cell lines (FaDu and 2A3) with differing HPV statuses were bioprinted into PEG matrices spanning physiologically relevant stiffnesses (0.7-4.8 kPa) and compositions, including non-functionalized PEG and peptide-functionalized PEG (PEGfnc: RGD, YIGSR, CNYYSNS) and cultured for 7 days. Cluster growth, cell viability, and cluster morphology were assessed across multiple time points, matrix compositions, and matrix stiffnesses. Proliferation and endpoint phenotype expression were visualized using confocal microscopy through immunofluorescence. Results indicated enhanced cell viability in PEGfnc matrices, compared to non-functionalized matrices, while effect of matrix stiffness was less prominent. Median cluster size reached 40-50 m by day 7, and linear mixed-effects modeling identified how changes in cluster surface area, volume, and tumoroid complexity varied with cell type, matrix, and stiffness. By decoupling and systematically varying key TME parameters, this approach provides a robust and scalable framework for dissecting tumor-matrix interactions and advancing physiologically relevant in vitro models for cancer research and therapeutic screening.

Direct ink writing is compatible with an expansive materials palette. While enabling diverse applications, this materials versatility brings significant bottlenecks in ink formulation, often requiring the mixing, printing, and testing of dozens to hundreds of ink compositions over the course of a project. To accelerate ink-space exploration, we introduce gradient embedded multinozzle (GEM) printheads that combine the high-throughput parallelized printing of multinozzles with combinatorial ink mixing. These printheads allow simultaneous mixing of two-, three-, and four-input inks which are distributed to printer nozzles to create complex 3D structures with graded compositions of inks. Using a two-way GEM printhead, we vali-date cell compatibility by printing scaffolds containing various concentrations of fibroblasts and observing non-linear compaction behaviours. We next test a three-way GEM multinozzle to print ten compositions of di- and multi-functionalized poly(ethylene-glycol) diacrylate hydrogel tri-leaflet valves, optimizing for stiffness, swelling ratio, and toughness. Our GEM multinozzles are compatible with open-source printers and either pressure- or volume-driven extrusion systems and promise to accelerate iterative ink design and testing.

The human vasculature is a complex, multiscale system comprising hierarchical networks of macroscale to microscopic vessels. Existing in vitro fabrication techniques often fail to bridge these disparate scales, as high-resolution methods like multiphoton ablation are too slow for replicating larger vessels, while 3D printing lacks the resolution for fine microscale features. Here, we report a "twisted wire templating" strategy capable of generating perfusable bifurcating hydrogel networks that seamlessly transition from the macro- to the micro-scale (2.3 mm to 140 {micro}m) through seven orders of bifurcations. By optimizing wire-twisting geometries and polyurethane dip-coating, we overcame instability-driven bead formation to ensure replication fidelity across the networks. Fabrication rigs were reconfigured from existing 2D planar layouts to 3D reconfigurable architectures to better replicate 3D vessel geometries which simultaneously reducing the laboratory footprint and fabrication times by 47%. Using a Taguchi orthogonal array, we further optimized surface chemistry and hydrogel composition to inhibit structural failure during template extraction, resulting in fully patent, perfusable networks. This method provides a robust, low-cost, and scalable foundation for creating physiologically representative vascular models for investigating multiscale disease mechanisms and organ-level tissue engineering.

The endothelialization of organ-on-chip platforms and vascular implants is often limited by slow cell attachment and unstable monolayer formation. This work presents a scalable workflow that imprints micro- and nano-gratings into elastin-like recombinamer (ELR)-based hydrogels, enabling rapid endothelial cell capture and accelerating monolayer formation within 14 days. Three gelatin-ELR formulations are engineered, with {superscript 1}H-NMR confirming incorporation of sequences designed to modulate bioactivity (ELR1: inert; ELR2: uPA-responsive; ELR3: RGD-adhesive). ELR incorporation generates fibrillar microstructures and enhances mechanical performance, yielding elastic-dominant networks suitable for high-fidelity pattern transfer and stable culture. Using this library, the combined effects of ELR bioactivity and groove geometry on human iPSC-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) are systematically evaluated. In a 15-minute attachment assay, patterned ELR composites markedly improve cell retention compared to gelatin, with ELR2 on [~]350 nm and [~]4 {micro}m grooves performing best, consistent with controlled, cell-mediated interfacial remodeling. This early advantage persists, as ELR2 and ELR3 hydrogels support rapid alignment and reach confluence by day 14, whereas gelatin remains sub-confluent. Cytoskeletal analysis confirms F-actin alignment. By combining enhanced early capture with protease-regulated remodeling, ELR2 identifies a favorable design window. These results establish a materials design framework linking programmable ELR chemistry with surface topography to engineer endothelial interfaces, providing a versatile platform for vascular biomaterials and microphysiological systems.

Nanoplastics generated from plastic waste in our ecosystems are becoming increasingly prevalent as bulk plastics exposed to natural factors like water and sunlight fragment to the nanoscale over time. These incidental nanoplastics span a wide range of physicochemical properties, which makes studying nanoplastic interactions in biological systems difficult. Here, we characterized the behavior of incidental nanoplastics generated through mechanical abrasion within coacervate droplets to probe the surface properties of the nanoplastics. We used elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) to create hydrophobic or charged coacervate microenvironments. Using optical microscopy and fluorescence quantification, we observed that nanoplastics made from polyethylene terephthalate (nPET), nylon 6 (nPA), and polystyrene (nPS) exhibited distinct partitioning behavior with more favorable interactions with hydrophobic droplets. This indicated that the hydrophobic polymer backbone was the predominate surface feature despite exposed functional groups of the incidental nanoplastics, in contrast to findings with model carboxylated latex nanospheres (nPS-COOH). Furthermore, the selective partitioning of incidental nanoplastics into the hydrophobic droplets was able to capture over 80% of nPET in solution, and after recovery of the protein droplet, was able to cumulatively capture over 75% of the nPET feedstock across multiple cycles. This work explores the nuanced surface characteristics of incidental nanoplastics, expands the application of coacervates as chemical probes, and demonstrates a biopolymer approach for effective nanoplastic removal.

Engineering three-dimensional neuronal tissues with defined architecture and functional connectivity remains a critical challenge for applications in disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Recently, a variety of fabrication methods have arisen, such as bioprinting or manual assembly of organoids, but often struggle with scalability, reproducibility, or maintaining cell viability. Here, two scaffold-free acoustic levitation bioreactors are introduced: one optimized for the culture of uniform neuronal spheroids, and another designed for the structuration of assembloids composed of distinct neuronal identities. Using acoustic standing waves, these platforms enable the contactless manipulation of cells and aggregates, facilitating the formation of highly viable functionally mature spheroids. This study shows that both striatal and cortical cell aggregates formed in acoustic levitation self-organize into spheroids within 24 hours and remain viable up to 10 days under these particular culture conditions without medium renewal. These neuro-spheroids demonstrate healthy development with increased growth and typical terminal differentiation and synaptic maturation. Moreover, concentric cortico-striatal assembloids were successfully structured and cultivated using optimized acoustofluidic chips. Offering versatile and scalable tools for engineering complex neuronal networks, acoustic levitation reveals itself as an innovative approach to 3D neuronal tissue modeling, with broad implications for bioengineering, regenerative medicine and fundamental neuroscience research.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid spheres released from cells. Research utilizing EVs has met several hurdles owing to the small size of the majority of EVs and other nanoparticles (<150 nm) and the lack of detection technologies capable of providing high-throughput single particle measurements at this scale. The use of high-throughput single particle measurements is critical for the assessment of EV heterogeneity and abundance which are features often used to assess the development of isolation protocols or particle characterization. The Coulter principle, known in the field as resistive pulse sensing (RPS), has been used for several decades to size and count cells. More recently, this technology has evolved to accommodate nanoparticle analysis. In the last decade a platform utilizing microfluidic resistive pulse sensing (MRPS) has been demonstrated for nanoparticles, offering ergonomic characterization of nanoparticles along with utilizing open format data. To date, assessment of MRPS accuracy and reporting standards have not been assessed. With the aim of increasing data accuracy, ergonomics, and reporting transparency, we developed a microfluidic resistive pulse sensing post-acquisition analysis software (RPSPASS) application for automated cohort calibration, population gating, statistical output, QC plot generation, alternative data file outputs, and standardized reporting templates.

Scaffolded DNA origami has become a valuable nanoscale tool for applications in biomedical and physical sciences. Critical to leveraging the modular and programmable properties of DNA origami nanodevices is access to the scaffold strand, a long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) of precise length and sequence, which is folded into a compact shape via piecewise base-pairing with many staple strands, short ssDNA oligonucleotides. Current methods to produce and manipulate long ssDNA scaffolds can be costly, time-consuming, and cumbersome. In contrast, methods to produce and manipulate the sequence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are efficient and scalable. Here, we present a method for the rapid isolation of target ssDNA sequences from a variety of dsDNA sources using oligonucleotides as blocking strands that bind continuously to the undesired strand, thereby releasing the target scaffold strand. We report successful ssDNA isolation from linear and supercoiled dsDNAs of various sequences and lengths, ranging from 769 to 15,101 nucleotides. In addition to isolating ssDNA, we demonstrated this approach enables folding of DNA origami directly from dsDNA templates using both blocking and staple strands in a single-pot thermally controlled reaction. Furthermore, we explore multi-scaffold and gene-encoding DNA origami structures, expanding the framework for application-based designs. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=82 SRC="FIGDIR/small/709872v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (30K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cc75dcorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4df8e2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@10ed113org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c05bdd_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

Central nervous system (CNS) disease or injury might be treated by implanted devices, tissue regenerative scaffolds, or drug delivery platforms. However, inflammatory CNS responses limit these interventions and may worsen outcomes following damage to the CNS. Via the foreign body reaction (FBR), macrophages and glial cells trigger a "glial scar" around implants, reducing device performance, scaffold regenerative ability, or drug delivery potential. Previous studies have shown that stiffness of CNS implants significantly affects glial encapsulation, but few studies have investigated materials that truly match brain tissue stiffness. Porous precision-templated scaffolds (PTS) with uniform, interconnected, 40 {micro}m pores have shown favorable healing outcomes and a reduced FBR in numerous soft and hard tissue applications. To quantify the effects of both hydrogel compliance (stiffness) and pore size on glial encapsulation, we implanted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycerol methacrylate) (pHEMA/GMA) PTS of varying stiffness and pore size for 4 weeks in rat brain. We observed reduced astrocyte encapsulation around PTS compared to solid hydrogel rods, reduced pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization for softer hydrogels versus stiffer hydrogels, and the presence of neuronal markers and neurogenesis within the pores. Utilizing soft, precision-porous hydrogels could provide a strategy for mitigating glial scarring and improving implant-based CNS treatments.

Living organisms achieve adaptive actuation through the seamless integration of neural motor control circuitry and proprioceptive feedback. While biohybrid robotics aims to replicate these capabilities by merging engineered muscle with synthetic scaffolds, the field remains limited by interfaces that lack the efficiency and closed-loop regulation of natural neuromuscular systems. Here, we introduce a biohybrid muscle actuator system featuring a bioelectronic interface based on soft poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) fibers for stimulation and sensing. These fibers conformally couple to muscle tissues, eliciting robust contractions at voltages as low as 1 V--requiring ultra-low power (0.376 {+/-} 0.034 mW) and preserving long-term tissue viability. By leveraging the independent addressability of these fibers, we demonstrate selective actuation of individual muscle units to achieve precise spatiotemporal control of a two-muscle-powered walking biohybrid robot, reaching a locomotion speed of 5.43 {+/-} 0.79 mm/min. When configured as strain sensors, the fibers exhibit a high gauge factor of 155.45 {+/-} 6.59 and resolve contractile displacements within tens of micrometers. We demonstrate that this sensing modality can be integrated into a closed-loop controller to autonomously modulate stimulation based on real-time feedback, significantly mitigating muscle fatigue (p = 0.038) during continuous operation. This work establishes a versatile platform for efficient actuation and intrinsic feedback sensing, providing a blueprint for efficient, autonomous, and adaptive biohybrid machines. SummarySoft conductive fibers enable a bioelectronic interface for low-power actuation and closed-loop control in biohybrid robots.

Neurotransmitters in the gut play a vital role in human health and neuroscience, and their real-time monitoring is essential for understanding underlying physiological mechanisms. However, bioelectronic systems capable of measuring neurotransmitters in vivo at the anatomical site of interest remain underdeveloped and largely depend on bulky, off-the-shelf electronic components, thereby constraining the development of systems that are both practical and minimally invasive. Here, we report a miniature ingestible pill that is capable of real-time in vivo sensing of two key neurotransmitters: serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA). The system incorporates a fully printed three-electrode-based electrochemical sensor for neurotransmitter sensing and a custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) that integrates all major functional blocks on a single chip, enabling a platform for fully wireless monitoring of gut neurotransmitters. The pill, measuring 5.8 mm in diameter and 19 mm in length, supports multiple electrochemical sensing techniques, including amperometry and voltammetry, with only 42 A of average current consumption. We demonstrate the ingestible platform through in vivo studies in rat animal models, enabling real-time monitoring of gut neurotransmitters.

Biomimetic tubular scaffolds hold great promise for tackling unmet clinical needs thanks to their biocompatibility and recapitulation of cellular microenvironments, conferring the ability to promote regeneration. Potential applications include small-diameter vascular implants and grafts for airway repair, for which no viable off-the-shelf solutions currently exist. The tubular materials (4 and 8 mm internal and external diameters) presented here consist purely of type I collagen, contain no chemical crosslinkers, and reproduce the multi-scale architecture of the native tissue including the presence of collagen fibrils. A novel two-step protocol provides materials with distinct concentric layers. A porous external structure, obtained by means of ice templating combined with collagen topotactic fibrillogenesis, favours oriented cell colonization. A smooth and much less porous internal layer provides mechanical and water-tightness properties relevant for in vivo implantation and promotes the formation of an endothelial monolayer under both static and flow conditions. The compliance of the double-layered materials under physiological pressure is close to that of piglet carotid arteries. The materials are also determined to be sufficiently flexible to provide the ability to perform ex vivo anastomosis with bronchi, although the relatively low value of suture retention strength remains a limitation for in vivo suturing.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical properties regulate tissue homeostasis and disease progression, with persistent ECM stiffening serving as a hallmark of fibrosis; yet, the early transition from healthy to diseased tissue remains poorly understood. Dynamic three-dimensional (3D) tissue models that capture early-stage stiffening are needed to investigate cellular responses during disease initiation. This work presents an innovative platform for studying cell responses in 3D environments undergoing active matrix stiffening. A bioinspired synthetic ECM incorporates collagen-mimetic peptides and employs sequential, non-terminal strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions to enable controlled increases in matrix stiffness over physiologically relevant timescales. Alternating polymer incubations produce a 2.5-fold increase in storage modulus over 72 hours, modeling the mechanical transition from healthy to early-stage fibrotic lung tissue. Live-cell reporter fibroblasts enable real-time monitoring of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression, revealing significant upregulation during matrix stiffening that remains transient and difficult to detect via traditional endpoint assays. Active stiffening also modulates fibroblast motility, transiently increasing migration speed while persistently enhancing directional persistence. Complementary computational reaction-diffusion modeling provides mechanistic insight into modulus gradient formation and reaction kinetics. This versatile toolbox enables investigation of early mechanobiological responses to matrix stiffening and may aid identification of markers of fibrotic disease onset.

Polymeric 3D printing of microfluidic devices for biosensing is an appealing fabrication alternative for rapid manufacturing of biosensing devices with complex geometry in a streamlined, repeatable and cost-effective manner without the need for expensive instrumentation such as those employed in photochemical etching and soft lithography. Hybrid 3D printed paper-based microfluidics is an emerging area which harnesses the unique properties of both, merging the construction of microfluidic structures and the inherent capillary-driven flow within paper substrates. In this work, we have fabricated hydrophobic barriers by 3D printing a single layer of machinable wax, thermoplastic polyurethane, polylactic acid and polypropylene directly on chromatography paper to create open microchannels and determine the most suitable material. Characterization of each open microchannel using the four materials revealed polypropylene as the most reliable material with high hydrophobic barrier integrity and resolution. Polypropylene achieved functional microchannels with a resolution of 621 {+/-} 33{micro}m, hydrophobic barrier integrity of (93.75 {+/-} 9.16%), wicking speed of 0.38mm/s and optimal hydrophilicity of channels (51.4 {+/-} 8.36 {degrees}) with minimal embedding during thermal curing. To demonstrate proof of principle, a fluorescence assay demonstrating the formation of a dimeric g-quadruplex structure from a g-rich sequence which significantly enhances fluorescence of thioflavin T was implemented.

Controlled delivery of growth factors and viable cells remains a significant challenge in bone tissue engineering. In this study, a 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold system was developed for the co-delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) and preosteoblasts to enhance bone regeneration. The system consisted of a 3D-printed base scaffold containing BMP-9-coated calcium sulfate (CaS) microparticles and a photocurable hydrogel coating layer encapsulating viable cells. The scaffold design exploited electrostatic interactions between BMP-9 and gelatin matrices by incorporating gelatin type B in the base scaffold and gelatin type A in the coating layer. Differences in the isoelectric points of these gelatin types were utilized to regulate protein binding and release. Release studies demonstrated that CaS microparticles alone exhibited rapid burst release, with nearly 80% of BMP-9 released within 24 h. Encapsulation of BMP-9 coated CaS particles in the 3D-printed scaffolds reduced the release rate, while the addition of the coating layer significantly improved sustained release, limiting BMP-9 release to approximately 50-60% by day 5. Bioactivity studies showed enhanced cell attachment in BMP-9 containing scaffolds compared with controls. Live/Dead cytotoxicity assays demonstrated high cell viability (>80%) within the coating layer over the culture period, confirming that the encapsulation and photocuring processes did not adversely affect cell survival. Cell proliferation and differentiation were further evaluated using WST-1 and alkaline phosphatase assays. The results demonstrate that electrostatic interactions governed by gelatin type selection can regulate BMP-9 release while maintaining high cell viability, providing a promising platform for growth factors and cell delivery in bone tissue engineering.

Understanding how airborne particulates disrupt the alveolar barrier requires in vitro systems that recapitulate both the structure and transport properties of the lung air-blood interface. Here, we report a biodegradable lung alveoli-on-a-chip enabled by porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polycaprolactone (PLGA/PCL) membranes with an interconnected porous architecture generated via porogen-assisted phase separation process. The membrane exhibits tunable degradation behavior, allowing progressive increases in surface porosity ([~]40%) and reduction in thickness ([~]3 {micro}m) during culture, while PCL maintains mechanical integrity under dynamic conditions. These degradation-driven structural changes regulate membrane transport properties, leading to enhanced permeability and supporting the formation of a functional epithelial-endothelial barrier under air-liquid interface (ALI) culture with breathing-mimetic cycling strain. Primary human alveolar epithelial and microvascular endothelial cells formed confluent, junctional monolayers on opposing membrane surfaces, exhibiting stable barrier function and high viability throughout the culture period. As a functional application, the platform was used to assess diesel particulate matter (DPM)-induced alveolar injury. Apical exposure to DPM induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, increased barrier permeability, elevated reactive oxygen species, and DNA damage in both epithelial and endothelial layers, demonstrating trans-barrier propagation of particulate-induced injury. Pharmacological modulation with roflumilast-N-oxide (RNO), a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor, selectively attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, with limited effects on barrier integrity. Together, this work establishes degradable PLGA/PCL membranes as tunable interface materials for lung-on-a-chip systems, where structural evolution during degradation directly governs transport and barrier function. The resulting platform provides a physiologically relevant approach for studying particulate toxicity and therapeutic modulation at the alveolar interface.

The scalable fabrication of stable colloidosomes with controlled permeability and defined multicompartmental architecture remains a critical challenge, limiting their broader use in molecular delivery and environmental remediation. Here, we develop a hybrid lipid-metal-organic framework (lipid-MOF) colloidosome assembled through an interfacial emulsification strategy that integrates the structural rigidity of ZIF-8 particles with lipid-mediated membrane stabilization. During assembly, ZIF-8 particles accumulate at the oil-water interface to form a shell, producing hollow micron-sized spherical colloidosomes. The resulting colloidosomes exhibit excellent colloidal stability in aqueous media for over 30 days with a zeta potential of approximately -50 mV. Nitrogen adsorption measurements reveal a surface area of 45 m2g-1 and an average pore width of 4 nm. Fluorescence imaging shows that hydrophobic Nile red preferentially partitions into the colloidosomal membrane, whereas hydrophilic fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) localize predominantly within the aqueous interior, enabling simultaneous encapsulation of molecules with contrasting polarity with loading efficiencies approaching 90%. Furthermore, the colloidosomes demonstrate rapid removal of model pollutants from water, achieving >90% removal of methylene blue and metal ions without stirring. Together, these results introduce lipid-MOF colloidosomes as a new class of hybrid platforms that unify structural stability, multicompartmental encapsulation, and efficient adsorption behavior, opening pathways toward sustainable platforms for drug delivery and environmental bioremediation.